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Esports or Electronic sports is about online gaming turned into a competitive sport. It depicts the actual professional sports competition, but instead of watching a physical event, the viewers watch the competitors brawl out in a video game. From the early start of eSports during the 1990s to today’s technological advances, such as the internet for connectivity and spectator mode for immersive watching, eSports grew prominent today. Furthermore, platforms for gaming such as personal computers, mobile phones, PlayStation, etc., and viewing platforms such as Twitch, Facebook Gaming, Mixer, etc., led to accessibility not just for viewership but also to get people into gaming. People started to organize tournaments for competitive play and continued to evolve as big as it is now. Key Players in the Industry The eSports scene has become prevalent in recent years of its success in arenas and tournaments across the globe. The recent eSports market report shows that eSports as a business scales up to $1.5 billion in the market as of 2020. All thanks to the major players of the eSports Industry, which are the eSports organizations, publishers, organizers, content platforms, esports news, and broadcasters, etc. These people invested both their time and money in the endeavor of this fast-paced and entertaining industry. Major players and esports operators such as Major League Gaming (MLG), Dreamhack, Activision Blizzard, Riot, etc., host games such Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, League of Legends, Dota 2, etc. These games average to ten to a hundred million monthly active players, who become the backbone of the esports industry. Especially League of Legends, wherein it is a staple 100 million monthly active players, these players are likely to become eSport athletes, followers, viewers, organizers, etc. The industry will die without these critical players, just like in professional sports; the player base and its people are essential. Economics of Esports’ Growth In scaling the scope of the industry’s reach and growth, eSports can break down its viewership and income to these numbers. Twitch is the pioneer and leader of the eSports streaming site and platform for tournaments and content creation. Upon the acquisition of it by Amazon, it has beaten google with its 100 million monthly viewers. Furthermore, beating Youtube’s average viewership time, Twitch’s viewers spend one hour and 46 mins of daily usage. Next base from its demographic comprising mostly millennials aged 16-34 years old, it is undeniable that the revenues injected into the eSport are pouring and growing. This source of income comes from things such as sponsorships, media rights, merchandise, publisher fees, products, etc. Moreover, due to the games’ popularity and the millions of profits it gains, the eSport scene now functions like physical sports leagues. Its system is similar to physical sports, wherein players are scouted and compensated by the operators for their labor. The distributors and organizers then compensate operators for the rights to broadcast games to an audience which then is paid by the audience for the right to watch. Along with this economic flow, eSports is injected with money from its advertisers, partners, sponsors featured during the games. According to the Newzoo Global Esports Market Report (2016), the global amount of revenue that eSports attained in 2016 was $493 million, and the following year 2017, it was said to rise to $696 million (+41.3% year on year). Most of the revenue streams came from the sponsors and advertisers where it amounted to $266 million (sponsorship) and $155 million (Advertising). These numbers, along with the projections, are expected to rise since big brands are eyeing the eSports economic system due to its popularity and business potentials. Brands such as Samsung (Sponsor’s one of the best teams in Korea), Coca-Cola (Major sponsor in League of Legends and has a massive reputation in the eSports scene), Intel (Sponsors tournament series, Intel Extreme Masters, of games such as CS: GO, LOL, Starcraft), Red Bull, ESPN, etc. This paradigm of sponsorship, viewership, signing of players, advertising, and the like builds the eSports economic ecosystem wherein a large sum of money is injected into the industry’s growth. Esports in the Philippines The Philippines is not new in eSports since it is a growing industry in the country, with games such as Wild rift, Mobile Legends, Dota 2, etc. The Dota Major Championships International 2016 and ESL One Dota tournament, where the Philippines hosted and capitalized on a big eSports event. Quoting Sen. Bam Aquino that eSport is the next big thing, being an avid fan of eSports, he believes that these hostings can help eSports and Video game development in the local industry. Further being second among the largest number of Mobile Legends Players second after Indonesia gave the birth to the Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Professional League (MPL). This tournament is one of the most prestigious mobile games competitions in Southeast Asia. As of now, many organizations and rising stars are being signed and created as this market expands. Another eSports game, Valorant a fresh game of riot the creators of League of Legends. On August 22, 2021, a Filipino team, Bren eSports, managed to win a circuit towards its global major while amassing support from the Filipino player base. This begs to question on how to look at the phrase that our mothers say, “Kakakompyuter mo yan,” because of how big this growing industry is. With the threat of the pandemic, many people resulted in online gaming, thus having a more affluent players base wherein talents could rise. Training for a future career in online gaming, these testing and sedentary time could prove viable as things are now. The future is bright; the eSports industry will further grow exponentially as the engagements and investments make it the next big thing. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Written by: Leo Christian Llanita Layout and Design by: Ian Ramos

Dalawang linggo na lamang bago manganak si Berhila. Tila mabaliw-baliw ito sa saya sa kaisipang may isang supling na mabibiyayaan ng maganda at masayang buhay. Sa tuwing dudungaw ang babae sa bintana ay tila nakikita niya ang sarili sa isang bata—paslit, na laging laman ng bawat sulok ng kanilang bakuran, batang may angking kutis kayumanggi, bilog na bilog ang mga mata, mayroong matabang pisngi, kulot ang maitim at mahabang buhok na tila ba’y peluka. Sa kanang bahagi ng bakuran, kanyang nasilayan ang s’yang pasuray-suray na pagtakbo nito papalapit sa isang matandang puno ng kamatsile para magtago. Sa patuloy na paggalaw ng mumunti nitong mga paa ang tila unti-unting pagdagdag ng laki at bilang ng edad nito. Tuloy-tuloy, hanggang makapunta sa kabilang bahagi ng bakuran, ito ay prenteng umupo sa damuhan habang hawak-hawak ang isang librong tila ba magka lasog-lasog na ang pahina. “Kung bibiyayaan, dinggin nawa na magmana ka sa akin.” Bulong ni Berhilla sa hangin, “Sayang naman ang likha ng mahuhusay na manunulat kung aanayain lang at magmi mistulang sawimpalad” Tumayo ang bata kasabay ng pag iiba ng ayos nito at tila ba’y nagdalaga. Sabik na sabik itong lumapit upang makulong sa bisig ng isang payat at matangkad na lalaki. Napangiti na lamang siya sa nakita sabay haplos sa mala-pakwan niyang tyan na tila halos mahuhulog na. Ala una ng umaga noong tumindi ang kirot— ang pagputok ng kanyang panubigan. Mga oras na wala ang kanyang asawa. Sa tulong ng mga kapitbahay nakarating ang kumadrona. Nakapanganak siya, ligtas ang bata. Labas gilagid ang kanyang ngiti sa kabila ng karanasang tila ba’y nasa hukay ang ikabilang paa. Mistulang alapaap ang kanyang nararamdaman habang tanaw ang hinaharap sa mundong ibabaw. Naiwang tahimik ang mag-ina. Ngunit laking gulat ni Berhila noong nasilayan ang asawa, tila hari sa engrandeng pagdating mula sa bintana. Hati ang katawan nito, na animo libro na ang itaas ay ipiniglas at hinyaang magliwaliw sa mundo. Mabilis na lumipad ang lalaki matapos kunin ang anak sa kanyang dibdib. Matagal na panahon din siyang nakatulala at bumubulong mag-isa sa nakita. Binansagang baliw ang pawang si Berhila. Hanggang sa kinabukasan nakita na lamang s'yang nakahandusay sa kanilang bakuran at hati ang katawan. "Bakit wala naman siya sa tyan ko?" ------ Written By: Lyka Tan Layout and Design by: Dan Kurt Buenaventura

The 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 (𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜) witnessed a last-minute wave of applicants for the Voter's Registration on Saturday, 𝐎𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝟑𝟎, the last day of the given given extension to register for the upcoming national and local elections in May 2022. “𝘠𝘦𝘴, 𝘸𝘦 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘸𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘣𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘺 𝘵𝘳𝘺𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘥𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘸. 𝘈𝘴 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘰𝘥𝘢𝘺, 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦𝘯’𝘵 𝘺𝘦𝘵 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘮𝘪𝘵𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘢𝘴𝘴𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘴,” said James Jimenez, Comelec Spokesperson, on October 29, Friday in a Viber message. Jimenez reminds registrants that they only have until today to file their application and fulfill all corrections, including application for transfer, change, and reinstatement of name in the list of voters. “𝘝𝘰𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘳𝘦𝘨𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘴 𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘸. 𝘕𝘰 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯,” added Jimenez. Furthermore, he said that the issuance of voter certification will be suspended in Metro Manila and other areas due to the high turnout of voter registrants. Comelec remarks that there are 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝟔𝟑 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧 registered voters for 2022 last Thursday 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝟒.𝟓 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧 new registrants which were considerably high despite the concerns brought by the pandemic. The voter registration extension has attracted 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝟒𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 new registrants surpassing the last projections of around 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝟑𝟓𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎. ---- Written by: Cristine Nicole D. Pagador Layout and Design by: Dan Kurt Buenaventura

There is no doubt that boxing has been considered one of the most famous sports in the Philippines. Remember when there's a Pacquiao fight, and you can't almost hear a sound? That is how popular boxing is in the Philippines. The country has produced many quality boxers. From the International Boxing Hall of Fame and World Boxing Hall of Fame inductees Pancho Villa, Gabriel Elorde, Ceferino Garcia to Nonito Donaire, and Manny Pacquiao. The country has also produced world-class amateurs such as Jose Villanueva, Anthony Villanueva, Leopoldo Serantes, Mansueto Velasco, and Roel Velasco. And now the young guns are taking on the challenge and outright fulfilled it. Eumir Marcial is one of them, and he is always ready to fight for our country. Eumir Felix Marcial, born 29 October 1995, is a Philippine Air Force personnel and a Middleweight boxer from Lunzuran, Zamboanga City. He was one of the Philippines ' top prospects, having won the 2011 International Boxing Association Junior World Championships for amateurs and awarded the Best Asia Youth Boxer of the Year in 2013. He steamrolled 2015, 2017, and 2019 Southeast Asian Games earning gold medals to the said event, and garnered a silver medal ASBC Asian Confederation Boxing Championships. He did not qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. He used it as his motivation to improve and later on qualified for the next Summer Olympics event after he beat Mongolia's Byamba-Erdene Otgonbaatar. He boxed off and TKOd against Algerian boxer Younes Nemouchi in Round 16. He advanced to the semi-finals after knocking out Armenian boxer Arman Darchinyan. After advancing to the semi-finals, he is guaranteed to win a bronze medal but can win silver or gold if he is victorious. Unfortunately, he was beaten by the Ukrainian boxer Oleksandr Khyzhniak and lost via split decision (3-2). It is the first bronze medal since 1992 by Roel Velasco. He's been receiving major offers from boxing promoters to fight professionally. One of the organizations is Manny Pacquiao's MP Promotions. Although he vowed to continue to represent the Philippines in international amateur competitions such as the Southeast Asian Games and the Summer Olympics, he turned a professional after joining the MP Promotions. He fought his first professional match against Andrew Whitfield last 16 December 2020 and won via unanimous decision at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles, California. We are not sure if he can fulfill his promise to represent the Philippines, but one thing is for sure, the Filipinos will support him in his endeavors no matter what happens. Join us as we greet him ‘Happy Birthday’ and congratulate him as he wed his longtime girlfriend and boxer, Jenniel Galarpe. ----- Written by Marcus Lex Cajusay Photo by Luis Robayo, Agence France - Press

Gone were the days of seeing buzzing cities filled with people hanging out to relieve their pent-up stress and frustrations from school and work. The outbreak has halted many plans and put the world on pause. Lightning dimmed in those establishments and parks. Moreover, homes are now illuminated by the screens of families stuck on complying with tasks from work and school. As the year is coming to an end, it may be time for people to pause chanting padayon and move forward with the term pahuway. As socializing has shifted to video calls and chats due to the new normal, this monotonous routine has lessened productivity. Now, everyone wants to escape this reality and have an adventure to the fullest. Surrounded by nature, with music blasting from that Spotify account, Bohol is the destination to start with a tour of its natural wonders and adventures. It just might be that significant weekend getaway unspoken in the family. An opportunity for love? An island near Bohol offers a great selection of souvenirs. If they are fortunate enough, they can buy a Lumay (love potion). But of course, they are not a hundred percent effective. But who cares? At least you took your chance with your crush. Besides, for someone who loves bringing up the past, Bacolod is an excellent place to start. The Silay City's walk around the heritage houses is something to pose for that historically themed photoshoot. While cooking pancit canton at midnight and drinking copious amounts of coffee may help one get through the day, getting out and spending time with loved ones help develop healthy habits. And as the holidays are nearing, local governments have begun opening tourist attractions, welcoming visitors with preventive health measures to continuously stop the virus from spreading. A change of scenery is what we can prescribe to lighten your mood during the holidays. To save you some time searching online for safe destinations, we have got you covered with a list of places you can safely visit! 1. If they want to be relieved by the ocean, Batangas is a haven for them. Batangas is well-known for its white-sand beaches and hiking trails, such as Mount Maculot. The famous inaugural Ala-Eh Festival begins on December 8th and runs for one week. Are they tired of the ocean? They can instead take a stroll around their heritage towns and charming coastal municipalities. If they have a valid ID card, a health certificate, a negative rapid antigen test results from 48 to 72 hours before travel, and are between 18 and 65, they can travel to Batangas without a problem. 2. Rizal’s Tanay sea of clouds is something that might motivate night owls to wake up early. Though it cannot guarantee that it will always appear, Treasure Mountain offers many outdoor activities they can enjoy: scenic Tanay Campsite, hike, outside course, and swimming pools. Another place they can venture near Treasure Mountain is El Patio Razon. The resort is known for its relaxing large kawali hot bath that overlooks a mountainous view. 3. Bacolod is filled with open-air spots--the capitol grounds, the Lagoon, and the Ruins in Talisay City. There is also an option to island-hop in Lakawon and Sipalay. All these destinations are available if they have: a negative RT-PCR test conducted by DOH-accredited molecular laboratories, valid for 72 hours from the date of swab sample extraction, registration to S-PASS, and StaySafe.ph application. 4. Manila. If a weekend getaway is not for them, a tour around the national museum might suit them. The national museum announced it is only accepting fully-vaccinated visitors in a limited capacity of 100 per session. Venture towards our country's past by touring the National Museum of Natural History, Anthropology, and Fine Arts. However, note that the reservations must be reserved online at least a day before the tour—proof of identity and vaccination needed upon entry. 4. Manila. If a weekend getaway is not for them, a tour around the national museum might suit them. The national museum announced it is only accepting fully-vaccinated visitors in a limited capacity of 100 per session. Venture towards our country's past by touring the National Museum of Natural History, Anthropology, and Fine Arts. However, note that the reservations must be reserved online at least a day before the tour—proof of identity and vaccination needed upon entry. 6. Siquijor also receives a stamp of approval from the Department of Tourism for welcoming tourists. The island is located near Bohol and offers a healing atmosphere. Tourists can visit some of its healing attractions, like Salagdoong Beach, where they can scooter around and do cliff jumps. Tulapos Marine Sanctuary’s coral reef can take their mind away from the demanding tasks. And lastly, the 3-tiered waterfall, Cambugahay Falls. Near these attractions are areas to buy some exciting souvenirs. ----- Written by: Nethaniah Jan Lim Layout and Design by: Bea Cudal

As the lights began to dim, As the nights’ sky grew brighter than the sun, Families fractured. Friendships abandoned. —That I need not think like you Alternatively, think as I do. We can remain amicable. Even though both of our perspectives differ, Therefore, if you desire, progress. The answer is genuine candor. Consider that you are not the ‘best.’ While those who are unique are ‘less.’ Should respect be accorded to those who earn it? Or should we choose to preserve the peace by maintaining the resiliency we have continually cultivated in ourselves? As the lights began to dim, The sparks that ignited the flame vanished into thin air. ----- Written by: Allen Galicia Layout and Design by: Kyle Asucan

The reopening of schools for face-to-face classes at the collegiate level is still uncertain even in areas with low risk of COVID-19 cases due to the low percentage of vaccinated students said by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) last Friday. "𝑂𝑢𝑟 𝐶𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷-19 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑡 27%. 𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑤𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑠𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑦𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑔𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑘𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝑝𝑎…(𝑂𝑢𝑟 𝐶𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷-19 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑡 27%. 𝑊𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑘 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙-𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝑖𝑡’𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑤...)" said by CHED Chairperson Prospero de Vera, Jr. during the Laging Handa briefing. He noted that all students must be vaccinated or at least 70 to 95% of the students, for the resumption of in-person classes. According to De Vera, before the in-person classes reopen, the area must have a low risk of COVID-19 infection and a high percentage of fully vaccinated students and faculty members. The vaccination for college students started a few months ago, while minors only began this week. De Vera added that CHED is still drafting guidelines and planning regarding conducting in-person classes in low-risk areas by January. The country is still far behind from the target of 80% fully vaccinated of the 109 million Filipinos by May 2022, as there are only at least 24.8 million fully vaccinated Filipinos. ----- Written by: Lester Silvala Layout and Design by: Dan Kurt Buenaventura

Temporary closure of public and private cemeteries and columbaries from October 29 to November 2, 2021, will be imposed to prevent mass gatherings and the spread of COVID-19, according to the resolution passed by the Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) last October 12, 2021. Visitors are encouraged to start taking time to pay respects to their departed loved ones ahead of All Saints Day and All Souls Day. Interior Secretary, Eduardo Año, prompted that visiting cemeteries are only allowed up to 30% capacity and strictly follow the government's minimum public health standards. The Manila North Cemetery's management urged visitors not to bring their children, as kids were not permitted to enter the cemetery. At the same time, senior citizens are allowed to visit as long as they can walk within the premises. In addition, sharp and pointed objects, beverages, gambling materials, lighters, stereos, as well as pets, are all prohibited within the cemetery. ------ Written by: Kim Andrei Nicomendez Layout and Design by: Dan Kurt Buenaventura

Touched for the very first time by woes and fear are the students enrolled in a University notorious for its uncertainty. Forging and creating the best students and employees is the University's brand to bring on our tables. But now, in an online setting, the same touch of training for competence from before seems insensitive to the situation of the students. Forced by poverty, the dreams and hopes of the students of Sintang Paaralan can be ejaculated regardless. Like virgins, we cry again as we open the class of 2021–2022. It’s the first time to face the fears and live the life of a burnt-out student. They say it’s all part of life. It’s all part of the experience to be unmotivated to work for another day. 𝘊’𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘭𝘢 𝘷𝘪𝘦—to be insensitive to one's sensibilities. But that should not be the case. We can never prepare for the opening. No matter how much we are reminded through banners and posters, the workload seems to be insurmountable. No matter how much we try to self-study, we are all doomed to remember our incapacities. It’s only when we call for easement that adjustments are made. It’s only when we cry loud that some problems cease. Even if we think that we are excited, even if we fool ourselves into thinking that this new stage will only become better, the impounding doubt and problems worsen and desecrate the very dreams and hope that keep us alive. The lack of social interaction, the problems in our homes, and the stress that we get from all of those are belittled by the impossibility of our tasks. In a few weeks, our hearts will rush to get things done. Anxiety will flood the mind. We think we are excited, but we will soon regret thinking so. We are, then, reminded of the times that we rush back to our campuses with everyone’s smile glistening the hallways before the classes start. We are now children in a kindergarten wanting to cry as our parents abandon us to some strangers. We are virgins, and will continue to be so until we give in to the stress that our college life is about to insert into us. Never give up. ----- Layout and design by: Dan Kurt Buenaventura and Gerald Reyes

The Oikonomos Nexus kicks off A.Y. 2021-2022 after hosting its second Online General Assembly, themed "𝑵𝑬𝑿𝑼𝑺 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻𝑬: 𝑾𝑬 𝑪𝑯𝑶𝑶𝑺𝑬 𝒀𝑶𝑼!" held on Saturday, October 23 via Zoom and Facebook Live. 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐫'𝐬 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐬 "𝘖𝘶𝘳 𝘨𝘰𝘢𝘭, 𝘢𝘴 𝘫𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘴, 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮, 𝘦𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘦, 𝘦𝘮𝘱𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘳, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘢𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦," 𝘴𝘢𝘺𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘨𝘶𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘬𝘦𝘳, 𝘔𝘴. 𝘚𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘩𝘢 𝘉𝘢𝘨𝘢𝘺𝘢𝘴 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘫𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘴." A Community and Civic Engagement Specialist at Rappler, Bagayas emphasizes that when talking about the distinction between journalists and other online content creators, "𝘞𝘦 𝘢𝘭𝘸𝘢𝘺𝘴 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵. 𝘞𝘦 𝘢𝘭𝘸𝘢𝘺𝘴 𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘸𝘦'𝘳𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺 𝘵𝘰 𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘢𝘤𝘤𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘢𝘭. 𝘛𝘩𝘢𝘵'𝘴 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘣𝘪𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺. 𝘛𝘩𝘢𝘵'𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘴𝘦𝘵𝘴 𝘶𝘴 𝘢𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵." She then focused on how crucial student journalists are in serving their community, adding that "𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘶𝘴 𝘫𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘴 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘶𝘴𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘦. 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘺𝘰𝘶, 𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘶𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘵𝘩 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘶𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘸𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘦𝘸𝘦𝘳 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘴. 𝘠𝘰𝘶𝘵𝘩 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘶𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘸𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘪𝘮𝘮𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘩𝘰𝘸 𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘶𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘮." The Rappler Journalist amplified this point by listing shutdowns of local and even mainstream media outlets, and that it further strengthens the significance of student journalism. "𝘈𝘴 𝘸𝘦 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘩𝘶𝘵𝘥𝘰𝘸𝘯 𝘰𝘧, 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘦𝘹𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦, 𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘢𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘴, 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘶𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘮𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘢, 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯 𝘈𝘉𝘚-𝘊𝘉𝘕, 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘦𝘸𝘦𝘳 𝘢𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘶𝘦𝘴 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 [𝘤𝘢𝘯] 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘪𝘴 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘫𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘢𝘵'𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘺 𝘪𝘵'𝘴 𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘫𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘭, 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘨𝘢𝘱𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘮𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘢 𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨. 𝘞𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘪𝘴 𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘸𝘩𝘺 𝘸𝘦 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘶𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘶𝘴𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘦," she stressed. Ms. Bagayas also encouraged student publications to expand their coverage, advising that "𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘶𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘪𝘵 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘴, 𝘣𝘶𝘵 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘢𝘭𝘸𝘢𝘺𝘴 𝘨𝘰 𝘣𝘦𝘺𝘰𝘯𝘥," 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 "𝘠𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘩𝘦𝘭𝘱 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘻𝘦 𝘩𝘰𝘸 𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘶𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘢𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦. 𝘐𝘵 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘩𝘦𝘭𝘱 𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘺 𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘶𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘯𝘦𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸𝘯 𝘵𝘰 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦." 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐏𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐍𝐞𝐰𝐬 Ms. Bagayas touched upon the issue of fake news, stating "𝘐𝘵'𝘴 𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘩𝘰𝘸 𝘵𝘰 𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘤𝘭𝘢𝘪𝘮𝘴, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘶𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘯 𝘩𝘰𝘸 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘣𝘶𝘯𝘬 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘮," and that "𝘍𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘮𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘢 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭-𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘴," such as in false claims in relation to vaccines, which can lead to vaccine hesitancy. "𝘔𝘢𝘺𝘣𝘦 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘣𝘶𝘯𝘬 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 [𝘧𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯] 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘰𝘯 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘮𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘢 𝘱𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘰𝘳 𝘰𝘯 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘶𝘣[𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯]. 𝘛𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘢𝘺 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘶𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘪𝘵 𝘪𝘴𝘯'𝘵 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭," she expounds. She emphasized the point that student journalism is not practiced journalism. "𝘐'𝘷𝘦 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘴𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘳𝘺 𝘵𝘰 𝘱𝘶𝘵 𝘥𝘰𝘸𝘯 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘫𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘮. 𝘐 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘣𝘶𝘯𝘬 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴. 𝘐𝘵’𝘴 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘦𝘥 𝘫𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘮. 𝘠𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘬 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭-𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘤𝘵," she defends. She explains that student journalism gives us a head start in deepening our journalistic work, and in which we get to know where our strengths lie. 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐋𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐀𝐧𝐧 𝐋𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐛𝐚𝐨, 𝘌𝘹𝘦𝘤𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘚𝘦𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘺 of the publication then presented the organization's tentative Calendar of Activities from October to December. The publication plans two activities for the fourth week of October, including launching a website, to be headed by the Executive Team; and hosting a Movie Night entitled "𝑴𝒊𝒚𝒆𝒓𝒌𝒖𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆: 𝑶𝒏 𝑽𝒊𝒆𝒘," which would be managed by both the Executive and Editorial Team. For the month of November, the Editorial Team would be conducting multiple activities, which include the "𝑺𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑭𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒉 𝑭𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏" (first week) and "𝑰𝒔𝒌𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒌𝒔" (TBA [to be announced]) by the Feature and Literary Team, TGIF (TBA) and "𝑬𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒔"(TBA) by the Creatives and Layout Team, "𝑶𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅" (TBA) and "𝑶𝒑𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒔: 𝑶𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒔" (TBA) by the Opinion Team, and a creatives and layout webinar named "𝑻𝒖𝒕𝒕𝒊-𝑭𝒓𝒖𝒊𝒕𝒚" (fourth week) by the Editorial Team as a whole. For December, Lomibao mentions the conduct of an 𝑬𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒄 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 (TBA), an internal event under the Editorial Team. Additionally, the Executive Team would be launching "𝑬𝒄𝒐𝒏𝑻𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒔," the publication's own podcast. 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐀𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐏𝐚𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐨, the 𝘓𝘦𝘨𝘢𝘭 𝘈𝘧𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘳𝘴 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘦𝘳, displayed an overview of the old constitution and publication by-laws, which was amended last May 2014, and listed the importance of implementing such amendments, expressing that it ensures the sanctity and ratification of the constitution, checks the arbitrary power of the Publication, and it strengthens the system that contributes to the consolidation of democracy. The proposed subjects for the amendment include (1) updating the organizational structure, (2) adding the roles and duties of the Editorial Team, (3) updating the roles and duties of the Executive Team, and (4) the addition of the Publication's Mission and Vision. In accordance with Article X, Section B, of The Oikonomos Nexus' constitution, a referendum was held via Google Forms to determine the adoption of the aforementioned amendment. The results of the referendum are yet to be announced. 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐒𝐞𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 The publication also formally presented its new set of Officers and Editors for the current academic year, introduced by the 𝘋𝘦𝘱𝘶𝘵𝘺 𝘌𝘹𝘦𝘤𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘌𝘥𝘪𝘵𝘰𝘳, 𝐌𝐢𝐭𝐳𝐢 𝐃𝐮𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐌𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐬. The 𝐁𝐨𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬—Nexus' top committee—is now composed of Avriel Joy Fernandez, Executive Editor/Editor-in-Chief; Muros, Deputy Executive Editor; Micah Sta. Teresa, Managing Editor; Deniel Floria, Associate Editor; Lucille Grace Ann Lomibao, Executive Secretary; and Dan Kurt Buenaventura, Creative Director. The 𝐄𝐱𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐓𝐞𝐚𝐦 on the other hand will be constituted and led by Alnie Jane Guanzon, Assistant Secretary; Michele Angela Paez, External Relations Officer; Jan Moira Sapiot, Junior External Relations Officer; Adrian Paurillo, Legal Affairs Officer; Stellar Porcadilla, Junior Legal Affairs Officer; Mico Francisco, Finance Officer; Ronnel Jasper Jambalos, Junior Finance Officer; Leonaro Dimaapi , Marketing Officer; Rackel Aimee Bachar, Junior Marketing Officer; Marge Noreen Vidal , Human Resource and Development Officer; Adrian Josef Nabua, Junior Human Resource and Development Officer; Jhon Lord Mancol, Communications and Research Officer; and Rona Marie Natividad, Junior Communications and Research Officer. While the 𝐄𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐞𝐚𝐦 will be comprised and headed by the following: Maria Danica Esparrago, News Editor; Byron Lester Silvala, News Associate Editor; Jantzen Eros, Opinion Editor; Jennifer Balgos, Opinion Associate Editor; Jan Chloe Alpay, Features and Literary Editor; Nethaniah Jan Lim, Features and Literary Associate Editor; Marcus Lex Cajusay, Sports and Culture Editor; Rizza Alarcio, Sports and Culture Associate Editor; Gerald Reyes, Layout and Design Head; and Patrick Simon Estanislao, Assistant Layout and Design Head. The two-and-a-half-hour event was made in partnership with 𝑷𝑼𝑷 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑪𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒍 (𝑪𝑺𝑺𝑫𝑺𝑪) and the 𝑬𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒄𝒔 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉 𝑺𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒕𝒚 (𝑬𝒄𝒐𝒏𝑹𝒆𝑺); co-presented by 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒇𝒚.𝒑𝒉, and sponsored by 𝑷𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒍 𝒏𝒂 𝑳𝒊𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒐 and 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒚 𝑷𝒉𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒑𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔. ----- Written by: Patrick Rabi Layout and design by: Dennis Amoroso

Founded on the 10𝘵𝘩 𝘰𝘧 𝘑𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘢𝘳𝘺 1920, the 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐠𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬' primary purpose is to avoid another outbreak of world war and maintain international peace and security and international cooperation among nations. However, the organization still cannot avoid it. It all started in 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟑 when 𝘈𝘥𝘰𝘭𝘧 𝘏𝘪𝘵𝘭𝘦𝘳 rose to power and was appointed to be the Deutschland chancellor. On the 1𝘴𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘚𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘦𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘳 1939, under his leadership, the 𝐍𝐚𝐳𝐢 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐲 launched an invasion of Poland, which was essential for Germany to dominate the 𝘌𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘯 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘯𝘵. This marks the start of the 𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝 𝐖𝐚𝐫. 𝘞𝘢𝘳 broke out to the world again and caused 𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳 to small countries—Japan invading countries one after another in Asia, Italy allying with Germany and declaring war against Great Britain and France. Many have 𝘥𝘪𝘦𝘥 to end this war, resulting in the 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 of Germany, Italy, and Japan's loss. After the war, the League of Nations 𝘤𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥 its operation as it failed its purpose in preventing another world war. 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 (𝐔𝐍), founded on 24𝘵𝘩 𝘖𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘣𝘦𝘳 1945, replaced the 𝘓𝘦𝘢𝘨𝘶𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 and inherited some of the agencies and organizations that the former organization founded. The 𝐔𝐍 𝘮𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘥 the League's primary purpose and added more — notably to develop the lives of the poor, overcome hunger, disease, literacy, respect each other's rights and freedom, and be a center for harmonizing the actions to achieve the UN's goals. (𝐒𝐄𝐄: History of the UN | United Nations Seventieth Anniversary) The 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐖𝐚𝐫 happened and the UN was in turmoil. A political dispute between two '𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬', the 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘴 and the 𝘚𝘰𝘷𝘪𝘦𝘵 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘰𝘯, was central to the Cold War. The 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑵𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑪𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒍 (𝑼𝑵𝑺𝑪) could not function because the mentioned states were permanent members who held 𝒗𝒆𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒔. The Cold War was not the only time when the world organization has not played any significant role, despite facing the most dangerous threats to world peace. The world organization also did not take any action during the 1962 𝑪𝒖𝒃𝒂𝒏 𝑴𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒆 𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒔 and was at a stalemate in the 𝐕𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐧𝐚𝐦 𝐖𝐚𝐫.(𝐒𝐄𝐄:Constitutional Rights Foundation (crf-usa.org)) The 𝐔𝐍 also created new programs and agencies in aiding the economies of third-world countries. In talks of human rights, the world organization released a resolution condemning racist 𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒅 policies of South Africa and called out the members to end their economic and military relations with the country. However, the 𝐔𝐍 disregarded 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 that took place in several African countries, which also targeted black people. After the 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗿, the United Nations learned its lesson and mobilized the UNSC to be decisive. When Iraq invaded Kuwait (𝐒𝐄𝐄: Iraq invades Kuwait - HISTORY), the Security Council firmly upheld its authority. The council passed dozens of resolutions against 𝑺𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒂𝒎 𝑯𝒖𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒊𝒏'𝒔 𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒆. They even released an 𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘶𝘮 to Iraq to withdraw their troops or confront the multinational military force authorized by the 𝐔𝐍. The 𝑼𝑵 𝑷𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒌𝒆𝒆𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆’𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 in Bosnia and Somalia was ineffective. In 1992, UN Peacekeepers were 𝘱𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘭𝘦𝘴𝘴 in Bosnia, as the 𝐁𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐇𝐞𝐥𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐬 could not stop the violence against civilians. They were only assigned to protect the civilian food convoys and themselves. While in Somalia, 24 𝑷𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊 𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒌𝒆𝒆𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔 were 𝘢𝘮𝘣𝘶𝘴𝘩𝘦𝘥 in 1993, leading to their deaths. More incidents happened, including the death of 18 𝑨𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒓𝒔. This incident led the 𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧 𝙐𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙎𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝘼𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙖 𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙣𝙩, 𝐁𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐂𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐧, to withdraw their troops that hurt the peacekeeping mission of the UN. After the dissolution of the𝐘𝐮𝐠𝐨𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐯 𝐅𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 in 1992, the 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐤𝐚𝐧 𝐏𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐚 had turned into a hotbed of civil unrest caused by the 𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘤 𝘤𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 of the Muslims and border wars. The 𝐔𝐍 intervened and helped Kosovo to build its government, including legitimate authority and capacity. Today, 24𝘵𝘩 𝘰𝘧 𝘖𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘣𝘦𝘳, the 𝐔𝐍 comes to its 𝟕𝟓𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫 of service to the world. The world organization commemorates its 75𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂𝒓𝒚 with the theme, "𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑭𝒖𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑾𝒆 𝑾𝒂𝒏𝒕, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝒆 𝑵𝒆𝒆𝒅: 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝑴𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒎." They laid out 12 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒔𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 to 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞 —𝘵𝘰 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘯𝘰 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘥, 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘵, 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘮𝘰𝘵𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘦, 𝘢𝘣𝘪𝘥𝘦 𝘣𝘺 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘭𝘢𝘸, 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘤𝘦 𝘸𝘰𝘮𝘦𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘨𝘪𝘳𝘭𝘴 𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳, 𝘣𝘶𝘪𝘭𝘥 𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘴𝘵, 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘦 𝘥𝘪𝘨𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘭 𝘤𝘰𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯, 𝘶𝘱𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴, 𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘴𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘣𝘰𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘯𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘩𝘪𝘱𝘴, 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘬 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘵𝘩, 𝘢𝘯𝘥, 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺, 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘥. The world leaders also said that the commemoration is not to celebrate, as what is happening in the world is not what the founders envisioned 𝟕𝟓 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐠𝐨 (𝐒𝐄𝐄:High-level Meeting to Commemorate the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the United Nations | United Nations) The world is plagued with 𝘨𝘳𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘱𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘺, 𝘩𝘶𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳, 𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮, 𝘤𝘭𝘪𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘦 — and now, the 𝘮𝘢𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘢𝘤𝘬 of the virus named 𝐂𝐎𝐕𝐈𝐃-𝟏𝟗. Countries suffer from 𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘤 𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯, 𝘶𝘯𝘦𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘰𝘺𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘵𝘩 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘴. People are suffering from 𝘢𝘯𝘹𝘪𝘦𝘵𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘥𝘦𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯. "𝑴𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒎 𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏, 𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒂 𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚," is what 𝑼𝑵𝑮𝑨 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐤𝐚𝐧 𝐁𝐨𝐳𝐤𝐢𝐫 asserted. The world is changing unimaginably and the UN needs the members' support to 𝘦𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦 and 𝘢𝘥𝘢𝘱𝘵 to what the world demands, that the world organization will be more 𝘢𝘨𝘪𝘭𝘦, 𝘢𝘤𝘤𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘧𝘪𝘵𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘱𝘶𝘳𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘦. ----- Written by: Marcus Lex Cajusay Layout and design by: Dan Kurt Buenaventura

The country's inflation rate slowed to 4.8% for the 3rd quarter of the year after accelerating to 4.9% in August, and from 4% in July, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) said on Thursday, in a press briefing of the 3rd Quarter inflation report. Headline inflation rose to 4.5% higher than the quarter and year-ago rates 4.3% and 2.5% respectively, resulting in an average of 4.5%, which falls above the government's target rate of 2 to 4 percent. While the third-quarter average was higher than the government’s 2 to 4 percent target for the year, core inflation remained steady at 3.2% in the third-quarter, the central bank said. The bank even noted that the 3rd quarter captured the real GDP growth since the pandemic. “In response to the manageable inflation environment, the BSP maintained its accommodative monetary policy settings during the third-quarter of 2021 mainly to sustain the economy’s nascent recovery,” Diokno, the governor of BSP, said during Thursday’s online briefing. Risks to the inflation outlook shifted towards the upside for the rest of 2021, but remained broadly balanced for 2022 and 2023. “Upside risks could emanate from pressures on international commodity prices amid improving global demand and lingering supply-chain bottlenecks, as well as the potential effects of weather disturbances and a possible prolonged recovery from the ASF outbreak,” the BSP said. Meanwhile, the delay in lifting containment measures could further dampen global growth and domestic demand. The central bank added that the continued risk of COVID-19 infections poses downside risks to the outlook. BSP will continue the implementation of its lowest interest rate of 2% for seven consecutive meetings. ----- Written by: Maria Danica Esparrago Layout and Design by: Gerald Reyes